In the past few months, pressure on carmakers from new emissions standards, trade tensions and brexit has led some to issue a series of profit warnings, with the Chinese market falling last year for the first time in two decades. In 2019, that tension looks set to continue. Ford and jaguar land rover announced on January 10th that they would cut thousands of jobs in Europe.
　　In addition to these factors, the high cost of electrification transformation investment has not yet seen a return. For now, electric cars still account for a small fraction of total sales, and a lack of charging infrastructure keeps consumers on the sidelines. Last year the group sold 100,000 pure electric and plug-in hybrids, less than 1% of its total sales.
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